Modulation Effects in Double-Slit Interference

00:00 4 marks

  • Exam Style - Paper 2
  • HL
  • Tier 4
  • Single-slit diffraction
  • Double-slit interference
  • Modulation
  • Diffraction envelope

In a double-slit experiment using light, the pattern observed on a screen is a result of both interference between the light from the two slits and diffraction due to the finite width of each individual slit. Explain how the single-slit diffraction pattern modulates the double-slit interference pattern, affecting the brightness and visibility of the interference fringes.

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Hint

Consider the intensity pattern produced by a single slit alone and how it combines with the pattern produced by interference between two point sources.

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Complete Answer

Each individual slit produces a single-slit diffraction pattern due to its finite width. This pattern acts as an intensity envelope. The light waves from the two slits interfere, creating the closely spaced double-slit interference fringes. The observed intensity pattern is the product of these two effects: the interference fringes are modulated by the single-slit diffraction envelope. This means the interference fringes are brightest near the centre of the diffraction pattern (central maximum) and decrease in brightness further away. Fringes that coincide with the minima of the single-slit diffraction pattern will have zero or very low intensity (missing orders).

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